How to make Pendrive bootable?

How to make Pendrive bootable?

To create a bootable USB flash drive

1. Insert a USB flash drive into a running computer.
2. Open a Command Prompt window as an administrator.
3. Type diskpart.
4. In the new command line window that opens, to determine the USB flash drive number or drive letter, at the command prompt, type list disk, and then click ENTER. The list diskcommand displays all the disks on the computer. Note the drive number or drive letter of the USB flash drive.
5. At the command prompt, type select disk <X>, where X is the drive number or drive letter of the USB flash drive, and then click ENTER.
6. Type clean, and the click ENTER. This command deletes all data from the USB flash drive.
7. To create a new primary partition on the USB flash drive, type create part pri, and then click ENTER.
8. To select the partition that you just created, type select part 1, and then click ENTER.
9. To format the partition, type format fs=ntfs quick, and then click ENTER.
   Important

   If your server platform supports Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI), you should format the USB flash drive as FAT32 rather than as NTFS. To format the partition as FAT32, type format fs=fat32 quick, and then click ENTER.
10. Type active, and then click ENTER.
11. Type exit, and then click ENTER.
12. When you finish preparing your custom image, save it to the root of the USB flash drive

Full Form

1. EEPROM-   Electronic Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.
2, SIMM-         Small Line Memory Module.
3. ATA-            Advance Technology Attachment.
4. SIM-             Subscriber Index Module.
5. LCD-            Liquid Crystal Display.
6. PSU-             Power Supply Unit.
7. EIST-             Enhanced Intel Speed Technology.
8. POST-           Power On Self Test.
9. AGP-             Accelerated Graphic Port.
10. VRM-          Voltage Regular Module.
11. XVGA-        Extended Video Graphic Array.
12. ATX-            Advance technology Extended.
13. UDMA-        Ultra Direct Memory Access.
14. SPP-              Standard Parallel Port.
15. SSD-             Solid State Drive.
16. ICH-             Input Control Hub.
17. PGA-            Power Good Array.
18. PCI-              Peripheral Component Interconnect.
19. IDE-              Integrated Driver Electronic.
20. LED-            Light Emitting Diode.
21. SMPS-          Switch Mode Power Supply.
22. SCSI-            Small Computer System Interface.
23. EPP-              Extensible Provisioning Protocol.
24. SODIMM-     Small Outline Dual-in Line Memory Module.
25. LGA-             Line Grid Array.
26. DRAM.          Dynamic Random Memory.
27. FSB-              Front Side Bus.
28. ZIF-               Zero Insertion Force.
29. SRAM-          Synchronous RAM.
30. SATA-            Serial Advance Technology Attachment.
31.

 What are the components of a Computer?

Ans- The components of a computer are Processor, RAM, Motherboard, SMPS, Hard Disk and Input Output Devices.

 What are the input devices? Tell me any 3.

 Ans- The devices through which processor receive the instructions are called input devices. Mouse, Keyboard and scanner are basic input devices.

 What are the output devices? Tell me any 3.
Ans- The devices on which the processor sends the output are called output devices. Monitor, Printer and Speaker are basic output devices.

 What is a processor?
 Ans- A processor is the main component of the computer which accepts the instructions from the input devices, process on that instruction and sends the output to the output devices.

 Which is the latest processor of Intel? 
Ans- core i9 is the latest processor of Intel.

 How many physical cores are there in Intel core i-3, i-5 and core i-7. Ans- Core i3- 2 Physical Cores, Core i5- 2 or 4 Physical Cores, Core i7- 4 Physical Cores.

  What is cache memory? 
Ans- Cache memory is a small and fast memory which is placed between Processor and RAM. Cache memory stores the instruction from the RAM so that processor does not have to traverse RAM to get the instruction.

  What are EDB, EIST, Turbo Boost, Hyper-Threading, Smart Cache and virtualization?

 EDB- Execute Disable Bit is an Intel Hardware based security feature that help to secure computer
from viruses and malicious.

EIST- Enhanced Intel Speed Step Technology allows the system to dynamically adjust processor voltage and frequency according to requirement.

Turbo Boost- It is new feature of Intel latest processors which automatically allows processor cores to run faster than the base operating frequency.

Hyper Threading- Hyper threading enables a single processor to work as logically 2 processor. It was launched with Pentium-4 Processor.

Smart Cache- Smart Cache allows each core of processor to dynamically utilize up to 100% of available cache memory.

Virtualization- It is a technology used to run multiple virtual machines on a single physical machine

 What are FSB, DMI and QPI?
FSB- Front Side Bus connects Microprocessor to RAM through North Bridge.

DMI- Direct Memory Interface is a feature of computer systems that allows certain hardware subsystems to access main system memory (RAM) independently of the central processing unit (CPU).

QPI- Quick Path Interconnect (QPI) is a point-to-point processor interconnects developed by Intel which replaced the front-side bus (FSB).

 What is the Difference between Volatile and Non-Volatile Memory?
Ans- Volatile memory is temporarily storage and can store data until it is receiving power whereas Non Volatile stores data permanently even after turning off the power.


 What is ROM? 
Ans- Read Only Memory (ROM) is Non Volatile memory which stores data permanently. The Data in ROM can only be read but cannot be modified.

 What are the types of ROM?
Ans- The type of ROM are PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) and EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory


 What is the Motherboard? 
Ans- Motherboard is the most important components of the computer which connects all the components together and passes the required voltage to all the devices.

 What are North Bridge, South Bridge, ICH and Super I/O Chip? 
North Bridge- Northbridge controls the interaction of processor with the System Memory (RAM).

South Bridge- South Bridge controls the interaction of processor with Input/output Controllers and Expansion slot such as PCI and AGP slots.

ICH- Input/output Controller Hub is an Intel microchip which is use to connect and control peripheral devices.

Super I/O Chip- Super I/O chip is a single chip which controls slower I/O devices which are not controlled by South Bridge.

 Define Following 

a) PCI- Peripheral Component Interconnect is a 32-bit wide bus which is used to attaching expansion card on the motherboard such as LAN Card, Sound Card and Internal Modem.

b) AGP- Accelerated Graphics Port is dedicated to attach graphics card on the motherboard.

 What is Jumper 
Ans- Jumpers are the small pins used to configure motherboard and other devices like Hard Disk Drive and CD/DVD.

 What is SMPS?
Ans- Switch Mode Power Supply provides the regulated DC voltage to all the component of a computer.

 What are the Output Voltages of power supply? 
Ans- The output voltage of power supply are +12V, -12V, +5V, -5V and 3.3V


 What are the power supply control Signals?
 Ans- Following are the control signal of power supply

a) PG Signal (Gray +5V) - it indicates to motherboard that all the supplies voltage (+12V, -12V, +5V, -5V, 3.3V) are at proper level.

 b) PS_ON Signal (Green +5V) - It is used to power on and power off the SMPS unit.

c) Standby Signal (Violet +5V) - It keeps the power supply in standby mode if input AC is active even the system is turned off.


 How to check power supply? 
Ans- If the SMPS fan is working fine after shorting the PS_ON signal (Green) with any Ground (Black), initially the SMPS is working fine.

 What are Molex and Mini-Molex power connectors? 
Ans- Molex power connector provides power to the Hard Disk Drive and Optical Disk Drive whereas Mini-Molex is used to provide power to floppy drive.

 What is Hard Disk? 
Ans- A hard disk is the primary permanent storage device which hosts the operating system as well as data.

  What are the different types of HDD? 
Ans- The different types of hard disk drives are IDE/ATA, SATA, SCSI and USB.


 What is RPM? What are different RPM in HDD?
Ans- Revolution Per Minute defines that how many times the platter of the drive completes 3600 turn in one minute. Faster RPM means better read write performance of the drive. Different RPM of the hard drives are 5400, 5900, 7200 and 10000.

 What are different types of CD Drives?
Ans- The different types of CD drives are CD-ROM Drive, CD-R Drive and CD-RW Drive.

 What is Combo Drive? 
Ans- Combo drive can read and write CD Disk but can only read DVD Disk.


 What is IRQ? 
Ans- Interrupt Request are the line numbers provided to I/O ports and device controllers through which processor understands from which port the input is received and to which port the output to be send.

  What is Printer?
 Ans- Printer is an output device which converts soft copy into hard copy.

 What are the types of Printer? 
Ans- There are 2 types of printers
a) Impact Printer: - These are the printers where a physical contact is established between the paper and the print head. Dot Matrix printer is a type of Impact Printer.

b) Non-Impact Printer: - These are the printers where a physical contact is not established between paper and print head. Inkjet and LaserJet are the type of Non-Impact printer.

 How many pins are there in the head of Dot-Matrix Printer? 
Ans- There are 9 to 24 pins in the head of dot matrix printer.


 What is BIOS?
 Ans- Basic Input Output System is a program or firmware which is loaded in CMOS chip located on the motherboard. It performs the basic maintenance of the system by checking all the hardware connected to the system and loads the operating system.

 What is POST? 
Ans- POST (Power On Self Test) is a 14 series test performed by BIOS to test the hardware components of the computer.

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR THE INTERVIEW OF DSE

Q1- What is the use of CMOS battery ?

Ans- CMOS stands for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor. It is a 3 volt battery which provide power supply to CMOS where BIOS settings are saved. When your CMOS battery is weak your computer will not be able to store BIOS setting after power supply is gone. It will be set on default .

Q2- What are the output voltages of  SMPS ?

Ans-  SMPS stands for Switch Mode Power Supply. It gives power supply to all internal parts of computer. It's output voltages are-

Black-            Ground (0 V) 

Red-                +5 v

Yellow-           +12 v

Orange-           +3.3 v

Green      -       +5 v (PS_ON)

Gray        -        +5 v ( Power Good )

Violet      -        +5 v (Stand by Voltage)

Blue-                 -12 V

White        -       -5 v

Q3- What is different between DDR2 and DDR3 RAM ?

Ans- DDR stands for Double Data Rate. Both are the type of DRAM  which work as a main memory of computer. There is some differences between them. DDR2 is older than DDR3 . It wroks on 1.8 volt and it's FSB (Front Side Bus) is 533 MHz to 800 MHz while as DDR3 works on 1.5 volt and it's FSB is 1066 MHz to 1866 MHz.. 

Q4- What is cache mermory ?

Ans- Cache memory is the type of SRAM (Static Random Access Memory ) which one memory cell is made up of 6 transistor that's why this memory is very costly. It always comes in less memory size. Cache memory may be hardware or software based. Example of hardware cache memory is processor's cache memory ,hard disk also has cache memory and software based cache example is DNS which stores resolved information. 

    Cache memory stores information about processed data. It has three levels known as L1, L2 and L3. 

Some Full Forms Related to Hardware

• FSB -           Front Side Bus.

• BSB-            Back Side Bus.

• RAM-          Random Access Memory.

• CPU-            Central Processing Unit.

• CU-              Control Unit.

• ROM-           Read Only Memory.

• PROM-         Programmable  Read Only Memory

• EPROM-       Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.

• EEPROM-    Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.

• CD-               Compact Disk

• DVD-            Digital Versatile Disk.

• BD-               Blu-ray Disk.

• PCI-              Peripheral Component Interface.

• AGP-            Accelerated Graphic Port.

• ISA-              Industry Standard Architecture.

•  PGA-           Pin Grid Array.

• LGA-            Land Grid Array.

• SCSI-            Small Computer System Interface.

• SATA-           Serial Advance Technology Attachment.

• PATA-           Parallel Advance Technology Attachment.

• IDE-              Integrated Digital Electronic.

• ALU -           Arithmetic and Logical Unit.

• SRAM-         Static Random Access Memory.

• DRAM-         Dynamic Random Access Memory.

• USB-             Universal serial Bus.

• FDD-             Floppy Disk Drive.

• PnP-               Plug and Play.

• HDD-             Hard Disk Drive.

• DAT-              Digital Audio tape.

• BIOS-            Basic Input Output System.

• CMOS-          Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor.

• RAID-            Redundant Array Independent Disk.

• ICH-               Input Output Controller Hub.

• MCH-            Memory Controller Hub.

• SIMM-          Single Inline Memory Module.

• RIMM-          Rumbas Inline Memory Module.

• DIMM-          Dual Inline Memory Module. 

• SODIMM-     Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module.

• TPM-             Trusted Platform Module.

• QPI-               Quick Path Interconnect.

• DMI-              Direct Media Interface.

• IRQ-              Interrupt Request.

• MOSFET-      Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor.

• LED-              Light Emitting Diode.

• ATX-              Advance Technology Extended.

• PS_ON-          Power Supply On

• LPS-               Linear Power Supply.

• SMPS-            Switch Mode Power Supply.

• LPX-               Low Profile Extended.

• AT                   Advance  Technology.